Sebum

What Is Sebum?

Sebum is an oily substance made by sebaceous glands to moisturise and protect the skin and hair. It helps keep the skin barrier healthy, but imbalances—too much or too little—can lead to issues like acne or dryness.

Composed of fatty acids, triglycerides, wax esters, squalene, and cholesterol, sebum is produced in areas with more sebaceous glands, such as the face, scalp, chest, and back. Its production is affected by genetics, hormones, diet, and skincare routines.

Role & Imbalances

Too much sebum can cause oily skin, clogged pores, and acne.
Too little sebum results in dry, tight, and sensitive skin.

Balancing Sebum

Oily Skin: Use oil-free products and look for ingredients like niacinamide or salicylic acid to help balance sebum and reduce breakouts.

Dry Skin: Choose richer moisturisers and hydrating ingredients such as hyaluronic acid to replenish and soothe dry skin.

Hormonal changes during puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, or menopause can also affect sebum production, often causing noticeable fluctuations in skin oiliness.